베트남 웅왕 (雄王)에 대한 제사일 (월남 개천절) 축하드립니다!!!

카테고리 없음

by Dang Yeon Sim 2 2023. 4. 23. 05:19

Happy Memorial Day of Ancestor King Hùng (Hung King's Day) - Mừng Ngày Giỗ Quốc Tổ Hùng Vương!!!

Brief History Of Ancient Vietnam - Sơ Lược Lịch Sử Cổ Đại Việt Nam - 고대 베트남의 간략한 역사:

1. 8,000 years ago.

About 8 thousand years ago, there was a Cataclysmic Flood (The Great Apocalypse Flood / 대홍수), the oceans on Earth rose and created tsunamis, engulfing everything in the water. There are many records and texts recorded about this great flood in many cultures in several countries, including ancient China, India, Greece-Europe, Persia, Arabia, Judai (Israel) and American civilizations such as Inca, Maiya..etc.

According to many scientific theories, it is possible that people at that time had achieved advanced civilization development equal to and even surpassed the current level of science and technology, but they went to extremes, too radical and their own hands have destroyed nature and this Flood is a punishment and apocalypse that changed the ecology of the planet Earth.

People in everywhere of the world retreated to mountainous areas and high plateaus to avoid the Great Flood. According to latest researches, a part of the ancient Asians withdrew to the Tibetan Plateau (Tibet Plateau / 서장고원) and Himalaya Mountain Range (希馬拉山脈 / 히말라야 - 히마랍 산맥), where are the highest "rooftops" of the world.

The map of Tibetian Plateau - Bản Đồ Cao Nguyên Tây Tạng - 서장 고원의 지도:

(These photos were Upscaled and Edited by Me, Dang Yeon Sim):

2. About 5,000 to 4,000 years ago - Khoảng 5 Ngàn Năm Đến 4 Ngàn Năm Về Trước - 약 5천년 부터 4천년 까지 전:

Around this time, the sea level from the Great Flood receded completely, new ancient Asians from the Tibetan Plateau migrated to the lower regions below.

In Vietnamese mythology, there was a legend about a God named Lạc Long Quân (貉龍君 / 낙룡군 or Dragon King Of Lạc), and Âu Cơ (嫗姬 / 구희 or The Noble Fairy Lady). Lạc Long Quân married to Âu Cơ and had 50 children, then Lạc Long Quân led 50 children go to lower regions and under sea while his wife Âu Cơ led other 50 children go to mountainous regions and mainland. This story was known as a historical legend (Legendary History) of Ancient Vietnam but according to the latest research, this may be the truth and has scientific base because the Great Flood receved in 5,000 years ago and this legend also happened in around that time. It mean Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ led their children and people to scattered to many regions in Asia from Tibetian Plateau, included East Asian Mainland (where is now China Mainland) and Indochina (South East Asia like Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and a part of Myanmar).

Lạc Long Quân (Right) and his wife Âu Cơ (Left) - 낙룡군 (貉龍君) 과 아내 구희 (嫗姬):

(Art by an unknown artist, Upscaled and Edited by Me, Dang Yeon Sim)

Based on the legendary stories of Vietnam showing that at that time the ancient Asians in general and the Bách Việt people (Baiyue / 百越 / 百粵 / 백월) lived along with prehistoric wild animals that were different from today. For example, the story about Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh (Mountain God VS Ocean God), there was an passage mentioned about 9 Tusked Elephant, 9-Cokspurs Chicken, Horse with 9 Groups of Mane Hair...etc They are all prehistoric wild animals in many thousand years ago that evolved to become other new species or went extinct. So that's why the Legendary History of Vietnam has its own logic and make sense, not really fictional, fabricated legends even though these stories were somehow spreaded by word of mouth and exaggerated by many ways. Just like weird stories about human but gave birth to 100 eggs, 50 children go to mountainous regions and build the kingdom of "Wakanda" and other 50 children go to under sea and build the "Atlantis"...etc.

About 4,000 years ago, where is now East Asian Mainland (also known as China Mainland) was slit up in half by Yangtze River (also known as Changjiang River).

Yangtze River (揚子江 / Dương Tử Giang / 양자강) or Changjiang River (長江 / Trường Giang / 장강) is the longest and biggest river in China, originating in the Tibetan Plateau. It divides the Mainland into 2 as following maps below:

- Southern of Yangzte River: was belonged to Bách Việt (Baiyue or Hundred Of Viet Tribes) (Chinese and Korean character: (百越 / 百粵 / 백월). Among the Bách Việt tribes, there are hundreds of ethnic groups such as Lạc Việt, Âu Việt, Tây Việt, Đông Việt, Mân Việt, Hồ Việt,..etc. These tribes now include Vietnamese, Hongkongers, Cantonese (Guangdong), Guangxi, Hainan, a part of Fujian province...etc. At the time 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, these lands in the Southern of the Yangtze River were belonged to the Bach Viet breed.

The present Vietnamese people are descendants of Lạc Việt, Âu Việt and a part of Mân Việt tribes. Until Chinese people gradually attacked and finally encroached on the South of the Yangtze River, invaded the entire land of the Bach Viet (Baiyue) people, assimilated them into the Chinese and called the area South of the Yangtze River the Hua Nan (South China). The other tribes of Bách Việt (Baiyue) finally become "Chinese people" in Hongkong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian...ect like present today but actually, they're Bách Việt (Baiyue) people. Even their DNA, cultures and especially their languages are totally different with Chinese (at the time were known as Hua Bei, Hua Xia and later Han Chinese..etc. And that's why Cantonese language has many similarities about tones, rhythm and some ways to understand and talk, similar and almost the same way to use phrases and words with Vietnamese language. Example as in Vietnamese, they says 1, 2, 3 in their Sino-Vietnamese as "Nhất, Nhị, Tam" which sounds similar with Cantonese pronunciation as they spells "Zdack, Yi, Sam", while Chinese Mandarin spells them as "Yi, Er, San", totally sounds different. Or "Chuẩn Bị" for Vietnamese and "Chuan Bi (Chuẩn Bì)" in Cantonese, while Mandarin is "Zhun Bei"...etc. There are also many similarities about culture and foods. So that's why even they're called "Chinese" but actually and honestly, they're belonged to Bách Việt (Baiyue) breed. And Cantonese (Guangdong language) and Vietnamese are listed as the same language group.

The Bách Việt (Baiyue) Warrior in Xích Quỷ Kingdom (赤鬼 / Chi Gui / 적귀 나라), Southern of Yangtze River:

(Art by Joan Francesc Oliveras Pallerols on ArtStation)

- Northern of Yangtze River: is belongs to the breed of Hua Bei (North Chinese / 華北 / Hoa Bắc / 화북), also known as the Huaxia people (華夏 / Hoa Hạ / 화하), which is the real and original Chinese, also known as the Han Chinese people (漢 / Hán / 한). They've been living in the North of Yangtze River, to Sichuan in the West, to the North where is near the present-day Inner Mongolia. They were also mixed with some other Northern nomadic tribes.

Hua Xia or Hua Bei (North China) and later known as real Han Chinese speaks in Mandarin which has pronunciation, intonation and some ways of using words and understanding are different from Vietnamese and Cantonese (Guangdong language) in the Southern of Yangtze River. Their culture also has some differences, even though later, the Chinese invaded and colonized the Bach Viet tribes (Baiyue) for nearly 1,000 years, assimilating the other Bach Viet tribes into the Chinese, and only the Vietnamese remained their true Bach Viet's identity. However, Viet Nam also has been influenced by China quite a bit, although it has reasserted its independence and sovereignty after Ngô Quyền defeated Chinese people in 938 AD, ending nearly 1,000 years of their rule.

The Chinese warrior in Yin Shang Dynasty (殷商朝 / Nhà Ân Thương / 은상나라), China:

(Art by ZHIJING YOU on ArtStation)

3. Hùng Kings Dynasty - Thời Hùng Vương (雄王 / 𤤰雄) - 웅왕조.

Hùng Kings Dynasty (writing in Chinese: 雄王 and in Nôm (Original Traditional Vietnamese): 𤤰雄 / Vua Hùng) or also known as Hồng Bàng Dynasty (鴻龐王朝 / Vương Triều Hồng Bàng / 홍방왕조) was the very first monarchy dynasty of all Bách Việt (Baiyue) in general and Vietnam in particular.

Hùng Kings Dynasty is the mixture of Legendary History (Myth) and Mainstream History. Accoring to the records, Hùng King Dynasty had 18 kings but they reigned all Bách Việt tribes (Hundred tribes of Viet) for 2,622 years. Spanning from the beginning of the rule of Kinh Dương Vương over the kingdom of Xích Quỷ (赤鬼 / 적귀 나라) and later known as Văn Lang (文郎 / 문랑) in 2879 BC until An Dương Vương (Thục Phán) overthrown and conquered it in 258 BC.

- Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王 / 경양왕), the first king of Bách Việt and Vietnam:

(Arts by an unknown artist and Shipenglee on DeviantArt)

King Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王 / 경양왕) was born on August 15 2919 BC and passed away on January 18 2792 BC (Lunar Calendar / Âm Lịch / 음력).

According to the records, he's the son of Đế Minh (Emperor Minh / 帝明 / 제명) and the grandson of Đế Thừa (Emperor Thừa / 帝承 / 제승). Kinh Dương Vương is also the great grandson (3rd generation grandchild) of Thần Nông (Shen Nong / 神農 / 신농) who is also known as Viêm Đế (Yan Emperor / 炎帝 / 염제), a Common God in the Mythology of both China and Bách Việt (Vietnam). King Kinh Dương Vương's real name is Lộc Tục (Lu Xu / 祿續 / 녹속). He also had an older brother named Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi / 帝儀 / 제의).

- Thần Nông Viêm Đế (Shen Nong The Yan Emperor / 神農炎帝 / 신농염제):

(Art by an unknown artist, found on Baike.Baidu, Upscaled and Edited by Me, Dang Yeon Sim)

There were few legends about how King Kinh Dương Vương become the first king of Bách Việt (Baiyue). One of them said that his father, Đế Minh (Emperor Ming) slit his vast kingdom in half for 2 of his children. Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi) ruled the North Land of Yangtze River and became the ancestor of Hua Xia (Chinese people). While Lộc Tục (Lu Xu) ruled the South Land od Yangtze River and became the ancestor of Bách Việt (who are now the Vietnamese, Cantonese (Guangdong), Guangxi, Hongkonger, Macao, Hainan, a part of Fujian...etc).

But there are a lot of controversies with these legends due to the long time feud between Vietnamese and Chinese in their common history. The few of nationalist Vietnamese people even claimed Thần Nông Viêm Đế (Shen Nong The Yan Emperor) as "Vietnamese" or "Bách Việt" too. While Chinese people claimed Shen Nong as their own ancestor and didn't relate to Vietnamese. Some other nationalist Vietnamese think Thần Nông (Shen Nong) was...Chinese so they disagree with the legend above. And few other Vietnamese and Chinese agree that Thần Nông (Shen Nong) was their common ancestor.

Another controvery is about the legend talked about Lộc Tục who is later known as King Kinh Dương Vương (King of Hundred of Viet Tribes) and Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi) were brothers. Because Vietnam and China had fought so many times in the history, the nationalists in both countries don't want to be "Brothers" with the other one so they refused with this theory.

- Đế Minh (Emperor Ming / 帝明) on the left and his oldest son Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi / 帝儀) on the right:

(Arts by Pháp Quang now known as Thiền Tôn Phật Quang)

- Đế Minh (Emperor Ming) on the throne with his 2nd son Lộc Tục (later Kinh Dương Vương) on the left and his oldest son Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi) on the right:

- Lộc Tục (祿續) or Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王), the 2nd son on the left and his older brother Đế Nghi (帝儀) on the right:

- After divided the Mainland in half. Lộc Tục changed his name to be Kinh Dương Vương, became the King of Bách Việt (Hundred of Viet Tribes) in Southern of Yangtze River. And his older brother Đế Nghi became the King of Hua Xia (Chinese people) in Northern of Yangtze River.

King Kinh Dương Vương's Kingdom was called Xích Quỷ (赤鬼 / 적귀 나라) which mean "Red Demon". There were many theories about the name of the kingdom, one of them is because the earth in Southern Yangtze River was red. The true reason is unknown. Xích Quỷ is later known as Văn Lang (文郎 / 문랑) after his grandson (Lạc Long Quân's son) renamed it. While in China, Đế Nghi (Emperor Yi), the older brother of Kinh Dương Vương founded Xia Dynasty (Nhà Hạ / 夏王朝 / 하나라), the first ancient monarchy dynasty of China.

- The map of the Kingdom "Xích Quỷ":

(The map was Upscaled and Edited by Me, Dang Yeon Sim)

+ Yellow: Xích Quỷ Kingdom and later known as Văn Lang, the nation of Bách Việt (Baiyue / 百越 / 百粵 / 백월), since Kinh Dương Vương rule in 2879 BC to 258 BC when Thục Phán or also known as King An Dương Vương of Âu Việt Tribe overthrown the 18th and also the last Hùng King and conquered this kingdom.

+ Red: China or the nation of Hua Xia people. At the time, China was ruled by Xia Dynasty (Nhà Hạ), Yin Shang Dynasty (Nhà Ân Thương), Zhuo Dynasty (Nhà Chu) then fell in a long war called "The Eastern Zhou Kingdoms Period (Đông Chu Liệt Quốc / 東周列國 / 동주열국)" or also known as "States of Eastern Zhou Dynasty". This era is included 2 periods are "Spring And Autumn Period (Thời Xuân Thu / 春秋時代 / 춘추시대) and Warring States Period (Thời Chiến Quốc / 戰國時代 / 전국시대). This long time period was ended when Qin Shi Huang (Tần Thủy Hoàng / 秦始皇帝 / 진시황제) of Qin state defeated other rest 6 states are Han (Hàn / 韓), Wei (Ngụy / 魏), Chu (Sở / 楚), Qi (Tề / 齊), Zhao (Triệu / 趙) and Yan (Yên / 燕) and founded the Qin Dynasty (Nhà Tần / 秦朝) which was also the first Empire of China. And after Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) died and his son reigned, Qin Dynasty collapsed and China fell in another war period called "Han - Chu Contention (Hán - Sở Tranh Hùng / 漢楚爭雄 / 한초쟁웅)" and ended up with the winning of Han Gaozu Emperor (Hán Cao Tổ / 漢高祖 / 한고조) and founded the Han Dynasty (Nhà Hán / 漢朝) and became the longest dynasty of China. And since the reign of Han Wu Di (Hán Vũ Đế / 漢武帝 / 한무제), the 7th Emperor of Han Dynasty, he had extended China's territory to Southern of Yangtze River and invaded entire land of Bách Việt people, ruled Bách Việt in general and Vietnam in particular for almost 1,000 years.

- The map of Bách Việt (Baiyue) Tribes and other ethnic groups:

(This map was Upscaled and Edited by Me, Dang Yeon Sim)

+ Purple: Bách Việt (Baiyue) tribes in Southern of Yangtze River.

+ Black: The real and original Chinese or also known as Hua Bei, Hua Xia or Han Chinese.

+ Yellow: Tibetian people (Tây Tạng / 西藏 / 서장).

+ Green: Uyghur (Duy Ngô Nhĩ / 維吾爾 / 유오이). There were the times they were called "Xiong Nu (Hung Nô / 匈奴 / 흉노)" or Turkic Khaganate (Hãn Quốc Đột Quyết / 突厥汗国 / 돌궐한국).

+ Orange: nomadic tribes in Inner Mongolia like Mongolian, Kidan or Khitai (Khiết Đan / 契丹 / 거란), Tangut (Đảng Hạng Khương / 党項羌 / 당항강) and many others.

+ Red: North East Asian nomadic tribes like Manchurian (Mãn Châu / 滿洲 / 만주), Jurchen (Nữ Chân / 女眞 / 여진)...etc.

4. Lạc Long Quân (Dragon King Of Lạc), the 2nd King of Hùng King Dynasty and his wife Âu Cơ (Noble Fairy Lady).

Lạc Long Quân (貉龍君 / 낙룡군) succeeded his father, King Kinh Dương Vương and rule Xích Quỷ Kingdom. He married to Âu Cơ (嫗姬 / 구희). As the weird legend was mentioned above, they gave birth to 100 eggs. And the eggs "hatched" 100 children. 50 of their children followed their father, King Lạc Long Quân to extend to lower regions and "under sea". Other 50 children followed their mother, Queen Âu Cơ to go to higher and mountainous regions. King Lạc Long Quân was succeeded by his oldest son and became the 3rd Hùng King.

- Lạc Long Quân (Dragon King Of Lạc / 貉龍君 / 낙룡군), the 2nd Hùng King of Xích Quỷ and later known as Văn Lang Kingdom:

(I made this GIF myself on April 27 2023, video was made by Tien Can on ArtStation, do not re-upload without permission, non-profit here)

- Âu Cơ (Noble Fairy Lady / 嫗姬 / 구희), the wife of Lạc Long Quân and the Queen of Xích Quỷ, later known as Văn Lang Kingdom:

(I made this GIF myself on April 27 2023, video was made by Tien Can on ArtStation, do not re-upload without permission, non-profit here)

- Hùng Kings costumes - Trang Phục của Vua Hùng Vương - 웅왕의 의상:

(Arts by Đỗ Thái Thanh)

There are also some confusion between 2 different explanations: 1 is considering King Kinh Dương Vương as the 1st Hùng King, Lạc Long Quân is the 2nd and his oldest son was the 3rd Hùng King. While the 2 considering Lạc Long Quân's oldest son as the 1st Hùng King and King Kinh Dương Vương as his grandfather and Lạc Long Quân as his father. The reason may be because King Kinh Dương and his son King Lạc Long Quân and Queen Âu Cơ were so mythological and historians just confirmed the existence of the 3rd Hùng King in 2524 BC. The 3rd Hùng King renamed Xích Quỷ Kingdom (赤鬼 / 적귀 나라) to be Văn Lang (文郎 / 문랑).

5. The Fall Of Hùng King Dynasty - Sự Sụp Đổ của Triều Đại Hùng Vương - 웅왕조의 멸망:

In the reign of the Hùng Duệ Vương (雄睿王 / 웅예왕), the 18th and also the last Hùng King, he lost many lands in Southern of Yangtze River as he could not unified all tribes of Bách Việt and the division of these tribes, they separated from his kingdom to found their own states, the Hùng Duệ Vương, the 18th Hùng King now only rule the Lạc Việt Tribe (雒越部族 / 駱越部族 / 낙월 부족)

And then, An Dương Vương (安陽王 / 안양왕), the Leader of Âu Việt Tribe led his army to fight with Văn Lang Kingdom ruled by the 18th Hùng King. An Dương Vương's real name is Thục Phán (蜀泮 / 촉반), and Âu Việt Tribe (甌越部族 / 구월 부족) is one of Bách Việt Tribes. After many battles, in 258 BC, An Dương Vương won and defeated the 18th Hùng King, merged his Âu Việt tribe with Lạc Việt tribe and formed the new kingdom named "Âu Lạc" (甌駱 / 구락 나라). Âu Lạc is the 2nd dynasty of Vietnam, after Hùng King Dynasty (also known as Hồng Bàng Dynasty).

- An Dương Vương (安陽王 / 안양왕), the King of Âu Lạc and the leader of Âu Việt Tribe:

(Art by an unknown artist, Upscaled and Edited by Me, Dang Yeon Sim)

Meanwhile, in Northern of Yangtze River, China was ruled under Qin Dynasty since Emperor Qin Shi Huang (Tần Thủy Hoàng / 秦始皇帝 / 진시황제) defeated other 6 states and unified China in 221 BC. But in 210 BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang died at the age 49. His 18th and also the youngest son Huhai (Hồ Hợi / 胡亥 / 호해) was put on the throne by evil politicians named Li Si (Lý Tư / 李斯 / 이사) and Zhao Cao (Triệu Cao / 趙高 / 조고) rather than his eldest son Fu Su (Phù Tô / 扶蘇 / 부소) because these 2 evil politicians thought they can manipulate Huhai and take the power. And it's true, Huhai took his regnal name as "Qin Er Shi" (Tần Nhị Thế / 秦二世) which mean "Qin Emperor The Second". During his reign, Emperor Qin Er Shi sunk in depravity and was cruel and brought much suffering to the Chinese people. From his reign onwards, the Qin dynasty declined and collapsed.

After the fall of Qin Dynasty, China fell in a chaos war called Chu - Han Contention (Sở - Hán Tương Tranh / 楚漢相爭 / 초 - 한 상쟁) which was the battle between Liu Bang of Han state (Hán Lưu Bang / 漢劉邦 / 한의 유방) and Xiang Yu of Chu state (Sở Hạng Vũ, Sở Hạng Võ / 楚項羽 / 초의 항우) since 206 BC to 202 BC. And there was Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà / 趙佗 / 조타), a Qin dynasty Chinese general escaped and stayed away from this war since the fall of Qin Dynasty. Zhao Tuo founded his own kingdom named "Nanyue" (南越) or "Nam Việt" which mean "The Southern Yue" or "Southern Việt" in 204, called himself King Zhao Wu (Triệu Vũ Vương / 趙武王 / 조무왕). He led his army to the South and attacked Âu Việt Kingdom ruled by An Dương Vương (安陽王 / 안양왕). There was also few legends about this war but i will talk about them in the next article about Vietnamese History. And in 179 BC, Zhao Tuo won, entire Âu Lạc Kingdom was taken over and King An Dương Vương jumped into the ocean to commit suicide after his defeat. Meanwhile, Liu Bang of Han state (Hán Lưu Bang) won the war with Xiang Yu of Chu state (Sở Hạng Võ) in 202 BC, founded the Han Dynasty and declared himself to be Emperor Han Gaozu (Hán Cao Tổ).

- Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà / 趙佗 / 조타), the King and later declared to be the Emperor of Nanyue (Nam Việt, 南越 or Southern Yue) Kingdom:

(Art by Đại Nam Nhất Mộng)

However, Zhao Tuo is an Anti-Han Dynasty. From outside, he just claimed himself to be a "King" compare to Han Gaozu, a "Great Emperor", but from inside his kingdom, he still claimed himself as Emperor Zhao Wu (Triệu Vũ Đế / 趙武帝 / 조무제). He even worn and performed rituals to Bach Viet's custom when meeting Han envoy, made Han Dynasty (Chinese people) really got angry and yelled at him that he's a Hua Xia (Chinese), not Bách Việt (Baiyue) and told him should not forget who he is and where he came from. By his smartness, Zhao Tuo even convinced Mân Việt Tribe, another tribe of Bách Việt and other rest of Western Âu Lạc people to follow and join him. These things made a debate about whether Zhao Tuo is Bách Việt or Chinese. Is he meritorious or guilty? An Invader or the First Emperor of Vietnam? But most of Vietnamese people still think Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) was Chinese, not belonged to Bách Việt or Vietnamese.

Nanyue lasted until in 111 BC, Emperor Han Wu Di (Hán Vũ Đế / 漢武帝 / 한무제) who was the 7th Emperor of Han Dynasty in China led his army and invaded entire Nanyue Kingdom and all lands of Bách Việt Tribes. This historical event started the 1,000 years Chinese Rule of Bách Việt in general and Vietnam in particular, since 111 BC to 938 CE, when Ngô Quyền defeated Chinese people and wiped them out from Vietnam, gained the Independence from China. And Vietnam kept their sovereignty since Ngô Quyền Dynasty until today.

- Ngô Quyền (吳權 / 오권), the hero who defeated Chinese people, ended their rule of Vietnam after almost 1,000 years, gained back the sovereignty and independence from China. He was also the founder of Ngô Dynasty and called himself as King Tiền Ngô Vương (前吳王 / 전오왕) or "First King Of Ngô" in 938 CE.